AFFORDABILITY


Affordability of Water Service

Scott J. Rubin

 

Update on Affordability (for more detailed information, please contact NRWA) - 9/2006

 

Economic Characteristics of Small Systems

Scott J. Rubin

 

Criteria to Assess the Affordability of Water Service

Scott J. Rubin 
 

 

Update of Affordability Database for National Rural Water Association

Scott J. Rubin

 

Criteria to Assess Affordability Concerns in the Conference Report for HR 2620

Scott J. Rubin
 

The Cost of Water and Wastewater Service in the United States

Scott J. Rubin

 

Comparison of Financial Condition and Average Revenues of Water Utilities of Different Sizes

Scott J. Rubin

AFFORDABILITY HEALTH RISK TRADEOFF ISSUES
  

Affordability is a critical regulatory issue for all water systems and their customers, but especially for small systems.  However, only in relatively recent times has this issue begun to receive consistent attention across the water industry.  Most importantly perhaps, the focus on affordability has begun to shift from it being primarily an emotional or societal issue to a health issue with clear scientific evidence that there are definite, quantifiable adverse health impacts on families forced into unhealthy spending choices by the cost of water regulations.

 

NRWA has commissioned a thorough examination of the significance of these tradeoff issues by recognized experts and the following two papers present the results of these examinations. In addition to these papers, two versions of the basic work by Rubin, Raucher , Lawson and Crawford-Brown have been submitted to technical journals for possible publication. One of these versions addresses the policy implications of this work and the other covers the detailed technical methodology and results. The outcome of these submissions will be announced here at a later date.

          by Scott Rubin, Robert Raucher, and Megan Lawson

 

BENEFIT AND COST ANALYSIS

 

Balancing Benefits and Costs

Robert S. Raucher

 

The HRRCA Review Process

Robert S. Raucher & Nimmi Damodaran

 

CONSERVATISM IN REGULATION DEVELOPMENT

 

Blending Science with Policy: Precautionary Assumptions and Their Impact on Benefit-Cost Analyses and Drinking Water Standards

Robert S. Raucher

 

The Radon MCL for Drinking Water: Variability, Uncertainty, Precautionary Assumptions, and Related Benefit-Cost Issues for Small Systems

Robert S. Raucher

 

Approaches to Determining Unreasonable Risk To Health

Joan Strawson, etal

 

Enforcement Flexibility Under the Safe Drinking Water Act

Steven J. Koorse

 

GENERAL WATER ISSUES

Small System Electric Power Use - Opportunities For Savings
by John E. Regnier and Richard Winters

STANDARDS AND RISK ISSUES

 

Applicability of Laboratory Data Generated for Compliance with Safe Drinking Water Regulations
Sanford Cohen & Associates (May, 2007)

 

Acceptable Risk in the Context of Managing Environmental Hazards

Joshua T. Cohen 

 

Confronting Trade-offs in Protecting Human Health and the Environment

George M. Gray and Joshua T. Cohen 

 

Thresholds in Toxic Responses to Chemicals and Radiation and Their Use in Risk Assessment and Regulation

Richard J. Bull 

 

Sensitive Subpopulations

Jeffrey K. Griffiths 

 

Dual/Multiple Contaminant Standards Under the Safe Drinking Water Act

Robert J. Fensterheim 

 

Compounding Effects of Drinking Water Regulations on Small Water Systems

Frederick W. Pontius

 

Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) In Drinking Water

by Frederick W. Pontius, Ph.D., P.E.

 

 

Approaches for Providing Potable Water in Small Systems

Joseph A. Cotruvo 

 

Regulatory Policy White Paper

Frederick W. Pontius

 

Ownership and Management Options for Small and Rural Water Systems

 

Assessment of Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Requirements based on Water System Size and Type

by frederick W. Pontius, Ph.D., P.E.

 

Comparison of Water and Wastewater System Financing Through the Rural Utilities Service and State Revolving Funds

Laurence Bowman

 

National Cost Estimate for Cross Connection Control in Small Water Systems (.pdf)

Fredrick W. Pontius and William B. Evans

 

REGULATORY BRIEFING PAPERS

 

Atrazine

Nancy L. Pontius 

 

Coliform Bacteria

Nancy L. Pontius

 

Manganese

Nancy L. Pontius 

 

Metolachlor

Nancy L. Pontius 

 

MTBE

Nancy L. Pontius 

 

Perchlorate

Nancy L. Pontius 

 

Pharmaceuticals

Nancy L. Pontius

 

WASTEWATER

The Impact of Clean Water Act Regulations on Small and Rural Wastewater Systems
EA Engineering, Science and Technology, Inc.

Small Wastewater System Profile
by Kramer Environmental Management, Inc.

 


 

Copyright © 2004 by National Rural Water Association. Compilation copyright © 2004 by National Rural Water Association. All rights reserved. No part of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.

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